Hair transplant surgeon explains how pollution causes hair fall and dandruff; shares tips to protect your scalp

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Gajanan Jadhao, Founder and Chief Hair Transplant Surgeon, shares his expert insights on how pollution impacts hair health and what can be done to protect it. (Also read: Dermatologist reacts to Europe’s gel nail polish ban, explains how it can trigger ‘serious skin problems’ )

How pollution silently damages skin and hair

Urban air is filled with fine dust, toxic gases, and microscopic particles that not only damage the lungs and heart but also leave a lasting imprint on the skin and hair. The face and hair, being the most exposed parts of the body, take a visible toll by losing natural radiance, weakening roots, and accelerating ageing. Many people fail to notice this until the damage becomes advanced.

Chronic conditions like eczema and acne are on the rise due to constant exposure. Even people who follow regular skincare routines often find that pollution overrides their efforts, creating a persistent cycle of irritation and breakouts. The effects on hair are equally concerning. Research shows that pollutants can directly damage the proteins and lipids that make up hair strands, leading to breakage and thinning.

The scalp suffers first, as toxins clog follicles and disrupt healthy growth. When follicles are suffocated by layers of grime, sebum, and airborne chemicals, hair becomes brittle, lifeless, and prone to falling out. This link between urban exposure and weakened hair is increasingly acknowledged in both medical research and consumer awareness.

The hidden dangers of indoor environments

Pollution also disrupts the balance of the scalp environment. Constant exposure to urban dust and toxins alters the scalp’s pH, causing dandruff, excess oil production, and sensitivity. This imbalance not only causes discomfort but also interferes with healthy hair growth. Many people experiencing unexplained hair fall or an itchy scalp are unaware that pollution is often the main underlying factor.

The sun further amplifies the damage. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation on its own accelerates skin aging, but when combined with pollutants such as ozone, it creates a more dangerous mix. UV rays intensify oxidative stress triggered by pollution, resulting in deeper wrinkles, pigmentation, and faster loss of elasticity.

For hair, the combined effect of UV exposure and airborne toxins strips away moisture and fades natural colour, leaving it dull and fragile. It is not only outdoor air that causes problems. Indoor environments can be equally harmful, though less often discussed. According to the World Health Organisation, as of 2020, nearly 3.2 million deaths annually were linked to household air pollution caused by cooking fuels and poor ventilation.

While the primary concerns are respiratory health, indoor toxins and poor air circulation also dry out the skin and scalp, making them more vulnerable to irritation and flaking. Offices with heavy air conditioning and little fresh air can produce similar effects, especially for those who spend most of their day indoors.

How to protect your skin and hair from pollution damage

In spite of these challenges, the effects can be minimised with regular protection. For the skin, daily cleansing removes dirt, dust, and toxins that settle on the surface, preventing clogged pores and keeping the skin fresh. Using antioxidant serums with vitamins C and E helps fight free radicals, which damage skin cells and accelerate ageing. Mineral sunscreens add another layer of protection against harmful UV rays and environmental toxins.

For the hair and scalp, clarifying shampoos help remove buildup from pollution and styling products. Antioxidant-rich conditioners repair and protect strands from oxidative stress, restoring shine and strength. Scalp serums strengthen follicles and protect them against damage, maintaining healthier, stronger hair.

In addition, lifestyle choices also play an important role. Diets rich in berries, leafy vegetables, nuts, and fish provide antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids that help the body fight environmental stress. Proper hydration, both internal and external, keeps the skin resilient and the scalp healthy. Including foods such as spinach, flaxseeds, and green tea in daily meals can significantly improve how the body responds to pollution over time.

Technology and innovation are also joining the fight. Skincare brands are now releasing products marketed as “anti-pollution shields,” containing ingredients that form protective barriers against particulate matter. Haircare is evolving too, with scalp sprays and leave-in conditioners designed to block toxins. While these cannot completely prevent exposure, they reflect the growing recognition in the beauty industry that pollution is not just an environmental issue but also a personal health concern.

In the bigger picture of city living, pollution is an unavoidable reality. Yet, how we respond to it defines the outcome. With mindful care and conscious choices, we can safeguard not only our skin and hair but also our vitality in the demanding urban world.

Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.